. What does the Mount protocol do?
The Mount protocol returns a file handle and the name of the file system in which a requested file resides. The message is sent to the client from the server after reception of a client's request.
What are 10Base2, 10Base5 and 10BaseT Ethernet LANs?
10Base2—An Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per second that uses baseband
signaling, with a contiguous cable segment length of 100 meters and a maximum of 2 segments
. 10Base5—An Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per second that uses baseband
signaling, with 5 continuous segments not exceeding 100 meters per segment
. 10BaseT—An Ethernet term meaning a maximum transfer rate of 10 Megabits per second that uses baseband signaling and twisted pair cabling
Explain a DNS resource record?
A resource record is an entry in a name server's database. There are several types of resource records used, including name-to-address resolution information. Resource records are maintained as ASCII files.
What protocol is used by DNS name servers?
DNS uses UDP for communication between servers. It is a better choice than TCP because of the improved speed a connectionless protocol offers. Of course, transmission reliability suffers with UDP.
Explain RIP (Routing Information Protocol)?
It is a simple protocol used to exchange information between the routers.
Explain OSPF?
It is an Internet routing protocol that scales well, can route traffic along multiple paths, and uses knowledge of an Internet's topology to make accurate routing decisions.
Explain NVT (Network Virtual Terminal)?
It is a set of rules defining a very simple virtual terminal interaction. The NVT is used in the start of a Telnet session.
Explain Gateway-to-Gateway protocol?
It is a protocol formerly used to exchange routing information between Internet core routers
Explain IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol)?
It is any routing protocol used within an autonomous system.
Why should you care about the OSI Reference Model It provides a framework for discussing network operations and design.
Explain the difference between routable and non- routable protocols?
Routable protocols can work with a router and can be used to build large networks. Non-Routable protocols are designed to work on small, local networks and cannot be used with a router
Explain the range of addresses in the classes of internet addresses?
Class A 0.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255
Class B 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255
Class C 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255 Class
D 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 Class
E 240.0.0.0 - 247.255.255.255
Explain the minimum and maximum length of the header in the TCP segment and IP datagram?
The header should have a minimum length of 20 bytes and can have a maximum length of 60 bytes.
Explain MAC address?
The address for a device as it is identified at the Media Access Control (MAC) layer in the network architecture. MAC address is usually stored in ROM on the network adapter card and is unique.
Explain RAID?
A method for providing fault tolerance by using multiple hard disk drives.
Explain NETBIOS and NETBEUI NETBIOS?
is a programming interface that allows I/O requests to be sent to and received from a remote computer and it hides the networking hardware from applications. NETBEUI is NetBIOS extended user interface. A transport protocol designed by microsoft and IBM for the use on small subnets.
Explain frame relay, in which layer it comes?
Frame relay is a packet switching technology. It will operate in the data link layer
Explain subnet?
A generic term for section of a large networks usually separated by a bridge or router.
How Gateway is different from Routers?
A gateway operates at the upper levels of the OSI model and translates information between two completely different network architectures or data formats.
What are the important topologies for networks
BUS topology: In this each computer is directly connected to primary network cable in a single line.
Advantages: Inexpensive, easy to install, simple to understand, easy to extend.
STAR topology: In this all computers are connected using a central hub.
Advantages: Can be inexpensive, easy to install and reconfigure and easy to trouble shoot physical problems.
RING topology: In this all computers are connected in loop.
Advantages: All computers have equal access to network media, installation can be simple, and signal does not degrade as much as in other topologies because each computer regenerates it.
What are major types of networks and explain
Server-based network
Peer-to-peer network Peer-to-peer network
computers can act as both servers sharing resources and as clients using the resources. Server-based networks provide centralized control of network resources and rely on server computers to provide security and network administration
Explain difference between baseband and broadband transmission?
In a baseband transmission, the entire bandwidth of the cable is consumed by a single signal. In broadband transmission, signals are sent on multiple frequencies, allowing multiple signals to be sent simultaneously.
. What are the possible ways of data exchange
(i) Simplex
(ii) Half-duplex
(iii) Full-duplex
Showing posts with label Some interview base Question Win 2003. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Some interview base Question Win 2003. Show all posts
Wednesday, July 16, 2008
Hardware And Computer Architecture
Hardware - Frequently Asked Questions
1.) Windows explorer is not working , what might be the problem and how you will fix?If The successful login is not letting the administrator to enter into the starting screen , then there will be missing of the browseui.dll,that file should be reinstalled to get the windows explorer working back.
2.) What are the components with which the Cisco Aironet components can associate?Not all Aironet devices can associate with all other types of Aironet devices. For instance, the Client Adapter card cannot form a wireless association with a Workgroup Bridge (WGB). Refer to Cisco Aironet Hardware Association Matrix for a complete description of association capabilities.
3.) What are the different platforms of Cisco Aironet APs available?Cisco Aironet 1500 SeriesCisco Aironet 1300 SeriesCisco Aironet 1240 AG SeriesCisco Aironet 1230 AG Series Cisco Aironet 1200 SeriesCisco Aironet 1130 AG SeriesCisco Aironet 1100 SeriesCisco Aironet 1000 Series
4.) WHAT MACS ARE UPGRADEABLE TO THE POWERPC?Apple will provide logic board replacements for all Centris, Quadra and WorkGroup Server models except the Quadra 700,900 and 950. There should also be logic board replacements for the IIvx, IIvi, LC 475, 520, 550, and 575, Performa 475,476, 550, and 600. Upgraded AV Macs will lose their special video capabilities, at least initially. Apple will also make available PowerPC processor upgrade boards that fit into the PDS slots of the Quadra 605, 610, 650, 700, 800, 900, and 950 as well as the Centris 610 and 650 and the Performa 475 and 476. Macs upgraded via a PDS card run at twice the speed of the system clock. Thus a 25 MHz 68040 Mac with a PDS accelerator will become a 50 MHz PowerMac. You'll be able to disable the accelerator if you have old software that's not PowerPC compatible or that just plain runs faster on the older hardware. 68030 desktop Macs with expansion slots will be upgradeable via third party accelerator cards. Daughtercard upgrades for the Powerbook 500 and Duo 280 series will be available sometime late this summer or early fall.
5.) CAN I ADD AN FPU TO MY MAC? CAN I REPLACE THE 68LC040 WITH A 68040?All 68020 and 68030 desktop Macs that did not ship with an FPU standard (i.e. the IIsi and LC series) have special slots that can accommodate an FPU card. All Macs that have the FPUless 680LC40 CPU run just fine if that chip is replaced with a full 68040 that includes an FPU. All PowerPC Macs include an integrated FPU. There is no way to add only an FPU to a 68000 Mac like an SE though some third party accelerators do include FPU's as well as faster CPU's.
6.) WHAT'S VRAM?Video RAM is where the computer stores the images displayed on your screen. On some earlier Macs with built-in video (Mac 128, IIci) this was kept in main memory. However it's considerably more efficient and faster to store the screen image in its own separate RAM. Generally the more VRAM you have the more colors or shades of gray you can display and the larger the monitors you can use. The chart below shows the number of colors that can be displayed at a given resolution with the specified amount of VRAM.
7.) What is Exchange Server 2007?Exchange Server 2007 is the next version of Exchange Server, the industry's leading server for e-mail, calendaring, and unified messaging. The release of Exchange Server 2007 is closely aligned with the Microsoft Office 2007 wave of products, which together deliver a best-in-class enterprise messaging and collaboration solution.
8.) What does it mean to "power cycle" a device?Power cycling an electronic device is a technical way of saying "resetting" it. When you power cycle a device, you turn it off and then turn it back on again. Pretty high-tech, huh? Usually, you should let the device sit for a couple seconds after turning it off to make sure the memory in the device is fully cleared before turning it back on. Any electronic device can be power cycled, but the term is frequently used with cable modems, DSL modems, and routers. This is because small internal errors in these devices can prevent them from functioning correctly. Resetting them typically fixes the errors and allows them to work correctly again.
9.) What does it mean when a computer is "low on resources?"The resources a computer has are mainly processing speed, hard disk storage, and memory. The phrase "low on resources" usually means the computer is running out of memory. The best way to prevent this error from coming up is to install more RAM on your machine. Upgrading your RAM is the best performance booster you can give your computer, and it usually doesn't cost a lot.
Computer Architecture - Frequently Asked Questions
1.) What is Virtual Memory?
This Memory is used extending the capability of physical memory. This memory is simulated by the hard drive.When all the RAM is being used the computer will swap data to the hard drive and back to give the impression that there is more memory
2.) What are the five stages in a DLX pipeline?
Instruction Fetch Stage Instruction Decode Stage Instruction Execution Stage Memory Stage Write Back
3.) What is MESI?
MESI is a Cache Coherency protocol used in multi-processor systems to indicate the state in which the data in the cache of a particular processor is. It stands of Modified, Exclusive, Shared and Invalid
4.) What is cache memory?
Cache memory is random access memory (RAM) that a computer microprocessor can access more quickly than it can access regular RAM. As the microprocessor processes data, it looks first in the cache memory and if it finds the data there (from a previous reading of data), it does not have to do the more time-consuming reading of data from larger memory.(cache memory is used between the c.p.u and the ram to access dta fastly)
5.) What is hard disk and what is its purpose?
Hard disk is the secondary storage device, which holds the data in bulk, and it holds the data on the magnetic medium of the disk.Hard disks have a hard platter that holds the magnetic medium, the magnetic medium can be easily erased and rewritten, and a typical desktop machine will have a hard disk with a capacity of between 10 and 40 gigabytes. Data is stored onto the disk in the form of files.
6.) What’s the speed and device maximum specs for Firewire?
EEE 1394 (Firewire) supports the maximum of 63 connected devices with speeds up to 400 Mbps.
7.) What’s the difference between L1 and L2 cache?
Level 1 cache is internal to the chip, L2 is external. L1 Cache is of Higher speed than that of L2 Cache.
8.) What is the difference between primary & secondary storage device?
In primary storage device the storage capacity is limited. It has a volatile memory. In secondary storage device the storage capacity is larger. It is a nonvolatile memory. Primary devices are: RAM / ROM. Secondary devices are: Floppy disc / Hard disk.
1.) Windows explorer is not working , what might be the problem and how you will fix?If The successful login is not letting the administrator to enter into the starting screen , then there will be missing of the browseui.dll,that file should be reinstalled to get the windows explorer working back.
2.) What are the components with which the Cisco Aironet components can associate?Not all Aironet devices can associate with all other types of Aironet devices. For instance, the Client Adapter card cannot form a wireless association with a Workgroup Bridge (WGB). Refer to Cisco Aironet Hardware Association Matrix for a complete description of association capabilities.
3.) What are the different platforms of Cisco Aironet APs available?Cisco Aironet 1500 SeriesCisco Aironet 1300 SeriesCisco Aironet 1240 AG SeriesCisco Aironet 1230 AG Series Cisco Aironet 1200 SeriesCisco Aironet 1130 AG SeriesCisco Aironet 1100 SeriesCisco Aironet 1000 Series
4.) WHAT MACS ARE UPGRADEABLE TO THE POWERPC?Apple will provide logic board replacements for all Centris, Quadra and WorkGroup Server models except the Quadra 700,900 and 950. There should also be logic board replacements for the IIvx, IIvi, LC 475, 520, 550, and 575, Performa 475,476, 550, and 600. Upgraded AV Macs will lose their special video capabilities, at least initially. Apple will also make available PowerPC processor upgrade boards that fit into the PDS slots of the Quadra 605, 610, 650, 700, 800, 900, and 950 as well as the Centris 610 and 650 and the Performa 475 and 476. Macs upgraded via a PDS card run at twice the speed of the system clock. Thus a 25 MHz 68040 Mac with a PDS accelerator will become a 50 MHz PowerMac. You'll be able to disable the accelerator if you have old software that's not PowerPC compatible or that just plain runs faster on the older hardware. 68030 desktop Macs with expansion slots will be upgradeable via third party accelerator cards. Daughtercard upgrades for the Powerbook 500 and Duo 280 series will be available sometime late this summer or early fall.
5.) CAN I ADD AN FPU TO MY MAC? CAN I REPLACE THE 68LC040 WITH A 68040?All 68020 and 68030 desktop Macs that did not ship with an FPU standard (i.e. the IIsi and LC series) have special slots that can accommodate an FPU card. All Macs that have the FPUless 680LC40 CPU run just fine if that chip is replaced with a full 68040 that includes an FPU. All PowerPC Macs include an integrated FPU. There is no way to add only an FPU to a 68000 Mac like an SE though some third party accelerators do include FPU's as well as faster CPU's.
6.) WHAT'S VRAM?Video RAM is where the computer stores the images displayed on your screen. On some earlier Macs with built-in video (Mac 128, IIci) this was kept in main memory. However it's considerably more efficient and faster to store the screen image in its own separate RAM. Generally the more VRAM you have the more colors or shades of gray you can display and the larger the monitors you can use. The chart below shows the number of colors that can be displayed at a given resolution with the specified amount of VRAM.
7.) What is Exchange Server 2007?Exchange Server 2007 is the next version of Exchange Server, the industry's leading server for e-mail, calendaring, and unified messaging. The release of Exchange Server 2007 is closely aligned with the Microsoft Office 2007 wave of products, which together deliver a best-in-class enterprise messaging and collaboration solution.
8.) What does it mean to "power cycle" a device?Power cycling an electronic device is a technical way of saying "resetting" it. When you power cycle a device, you turn it off and then turn it back on again. Pretty high-tech, huh? Usually, you should let the device sit for a couple seconds after turning it off to make sure the memory in the device is fully cleared before turning it back on. Any electronic device can be power cycled, but the term is frequently used with cable modems, DSL modems, and routers. This is because small internal errors in these devices can prevent them from functioning correctly. Resetting them typically fixes the errors and allows them to work correctly again.
9.) What does it mean when a computer is "low on resources?"The resources a computer has are mainly processing speed, hard disk storage, and memory. The phrase "low on resources" usually means the computer is running out of memory. The best way to prevent this error from coming up is to install more RAM on your machine. Upgrading your RAM is the best performance booster you can give your computer, and it usually doesn't cost a lot.
Computer Architecture - Frequently Asked Questions
1.) What is Virtual Memory?
This Memory is used extending the capability of physical memory. This memory is simulated by the hard drive.When all the RAM is being used the computer will swap data to the hard drive and back to give the impression that there is more memory
2.) What are the five stages in a DLX pipeline?
Instruction Fetch Stage Instruction Decode Stage Instruction Execution Stage Memory Stage Write Back
3.) What is MESI?
MESI is a Cache Coherency protocol used in multi-processor systems to indicate the state in which the data in the cache of a particular processor is. It stands of Modified, Exclusive, Shared and Invalid
4.) What is cache memory?
Cache memory is random access memory (RAM) that a computer microprocessor can access more quickly than it can access regular RAM. As the microprocessor processes data, it looks first in the cache memory and if it finds the data there (from a previous reading of data), it does not have to do the more time-consuming reading of data from larger memory.(cache memory is used between the c.p.u and the ram to access dta fastly)
5.) What is hard disk and what is its purpose?
Hard disk is the secondary storage device, which holds the data in bulk, and it holds the data on the magnetic medium of the disk.Hard disks have a hard platter that holds the magnetic medium, the magnetic medium can be easily erased and rewritten, and a typical desktop machine will have a hard disk with a capacity of between 10 and 40 gigabytes. Data is stored onto the disk in the form of files.
6.) What’s the speed and device maximum specs for Firewire?
EEE 1394 (Firewire) supports the maximum of 63 connected devices with speeds up to 400 Mbps.
7.) What’s the difference between L1 and L2 cache?
Level 1 cache is internal to the chip, L2 is external. L1 Cache is of Higher speed than that of L2 Cache.
8.) What is the difference between primary & secondary storage device?
In primary storage device the storage capacity is limited. It has a volatile memory. In secondary storage device the storage capacity is larger. It is a nonvolatile memory. Primary devices are: RAM / ROM. Secondary devices are: Floppy disc / Hard disk.
Win 2003
Some interview base Question
10. WHAT IS AD
A. A active directory centralized database where it contains information about objects like, Users, Groups, Computers, Printers, OUs, Contacts and Shared Folders.
11. FEATURES OF AD
A. Fully integrated Security, Integration with DNS, Policy Based Administration, Scalable, Flexible, Extensible, Inter operability with other directory services.
12. WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF AD
A. Logical Structure : Domains, Trees, Forests & OUs
Physical Structure : Sites and Domain Controllers
13. WHAT IS STRUCTURE OF AD
A. LOGICAL and PHYSICAL
14. WHAT IS THE PROTOCOL USED BY AD FOR DIRECTORY ACCESS
A. LDAP Light Weight Directory Access Protocol
15. WHAT ARE THE NAMING CONVENTIONS USED BY LDAP
A. DN-(Distinguished Name)RDN-(Relative Distinguished Name)
UPN-(User Principal Name) GUID-(Golbal Unique Identifier)
16. WHAT IS A DOMAIN
A. Domain is collection of computers connected together with a server and users.
17. WHAT IS WORKGROUP
A. Collection of computers connected together without a server (only clients)
18. WHAT IS A TREE
A. Tree is a logical component of AD. Is a collection of domains which share contiguous name space.
19. WHAT IS A FOREST
A. Collection of Trees which don’t share contiguous name space.
20. WHAT IS A SITE
A. Site is a Physical component of AD. Group of TCP/IP subnets connected with a high speed wan link.
21. WHAT IS DC
A. Server with AD installed
22. WHAT IS A CHILD DC
A. Is a sub domain controller under root domain controller which share name space.
23. WHAT IS AN ADDITIONAL DC
A. It is a backup server for DC
24. HOW TO PROMOTE DC ON A MEMBER SERVER
A. Start - run - DCPromo
25. WHAT IS A ROLE OF ADDITIONAL DC
A. It maintains backup of AD to provide fault tolerance and network load balancing.
26. A DC CAN HAVE HOW MANY ADDITIONAL DCS
A. Any no. of ADCs
27. WHAT ARE THE ADDITIONAL TOOLS FOUND AFTER INSTALLING A DC
A. ADUC, ADSS, ADDT, DCSP, DSP
28. WHAT ARE DIFF FUNCTIONAL LEVELS OF 2003
A. Domain functional level and Forest functional levels
29. WHAT IS A MEMBER SERVER
A. 2000 of 2003 server which is a part of the domain
30. WHAT IS A STANDALONE SERVER
A. Server which is not a part of domain
31. WHAT IS AN OBJECT
A. It is a representation of in entity
32. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT OBJECTS IN AD
A. Users, Groups, Computers, Printers, OUs, Contacts and Shared Folders
33. WHAT IS A SCHEMA
A. Set of rules. Schema is design of AD, defines objects and classes
34. WHAT IS AN ATTRIBUTE
A. Attribute is a piece of information about objects (Properties of objects)
35. WHAT IS A CLASS
A. Class is a Collection of AD objects
36. WHAT IS AN FSMO
A. Flexible single master operations
37. WHAT ARE THE DIFF OPERATIONS MASTER OF 2003
38. SCHEMA MASTER, DOMAIN NAMING MASTER, PDC EMULATOR, INFRASTRUCTURE MASTER, RID MASTER
39. WHAT IS A SCHEMA MASTER
A. Is responsible for over all management, structure and design of schema
Only one schema master in entire forest
40. WHAT IS A DOMAIN NAMING MASTER,
A. Is responsible for addition or removal of domains and maintaining unique domain names.
Only one DN master in entire forest
41. WHAT IS A PDC EMULATOR
A. Is responsible for providing backward compatibility for NT BDCs in mixed mode. It acts like a PDC for BDCs. It updates the password changes, Synchronizes time between DCs
Only one PDC EMULATOR per domain.
42. WHAT IS A INFRASTRUCTURE MASTER
A. Is responsible for updating user and group information and updating Global Catalog,
Only one INFRASTRUCTURE MASTER per domain
43. WHAT IS A RID MASTER
A. Relative Identifier is responsible for assigning unique IDs to the objects created in the AD
Only one RID MASTER per domain
44. WHAT IS FILE SYSTEM
A. File system provides the services like saving, deleting & copying of files & folders in a systematic manner on the hard disk
45. WHAT ARE DIFF FS SUPPORTED BY 2000 & 2003
A. FAT, FAT32, NTFS, CDFS & UDFS
46. FEATURES OF NTFS IN 2000 & 2003
A. Provides file & folder level security, compression, encryption, reduced fragmentation, hot fixing, maximum partition size : 2 TB, file size : up to 64 GB, Disk quotas, mounting.
46. NEWLY ADDED NTFS FEATURES IN 2003
A. Volume Shadow copy services, maximum partition size: 16 TB
file size can be up to 16 TB, Recovery logging of disk activities
47. WHAT IS THE NTFS VERSION FOR 2000 & 2003
A. Ver 5.0 & 5.1 for 2000 and Ver 5.2 for win 2003
48. WHAT ARE THE FILE & FOLDER PERMISSIONS IN 2K
A. File Permissions: Fullcontrol, Modify, Read & Execute, Read, Write, Special Permissions
Folder Permissions: Fullcontrol, Modify, Read & Execute, List Folder Contents, Read, Write, Special Permissions
49. WHAT IS THE SIGNIGICANCE OF MODIFY & FULL CONTROL PERMISSIONS
A. FC = RWXDO, Modify = RWXD
50. WHAT ARE THE ADVANCED PERMISSIONS AVAILABLE IN 2K
A. Combination of permissions.
51. WHAT ARE THE FILE ATTRIBUTES
A. Read, Write, Hidden & Archive.
52. WHAT ARE THE SHARE LEVEL PERMISSIONS
A. Full Control, Change, Read
53. HOW TO SHARE A RESOURCE (F/F, DRIVE, PRINTER, ETC...)
A. Right Click - Properties - Share
54. SHARE/FILE NAMES CAN BE UPTO
A. Share name can be up to 80 Characters, File Names can be up to 255 characters.
55. HOW TO MAP A SHARED RESOURCE
A. Right click on the share and click map network drive
56. HOW TO CONNECT TO A SHARED RESOURCE USING COMMAND PROMPT
A. Start - Run - CMD - Net use Z: (\\systemname\sharename)
57. WHAT IS NET USE, NET SHARE, NET VIEW, NET USER ETC
A. Net use for mapping drives, net share for creating shares, net view for users logged in and net user for creating or modifying users
58. HOW TO SHARE A RESOURCE REMOTELY
A. From Computer Management - connect to the computer - shared folders - new
59. HOW TO ACCESS A REMOTE SHARE
A. Start - Run - (\\SN\SN) or My network places
60. WHAT IS A QUOTA & ITS FEATURES
A. New feature in 2000 & 2003. Quotas enable in Administrator to limit the access to the free space on local or server’s hard disks
61. WHAT IS A DFS,
A. Distributed file system enable in Administrator to gather all the scattered shares on the network and maintain in a single server and make them appear as if they are on the same side server
62. BENEFITS OF DFS
A. Easy file access, fault tolerance, load balancing and security
63. DFS TERMINOLOGY
A. DOMAIN DFS ROOT, STANDALONE DFS ROOT & DFS LINK
64. DIFF B/W DOMAIN DFS ROOT AND STAND ALONE DFS ROOT
A. Domain DFS root offers fault tolerance and load balancing, can be configured only on DC.
Stand Alone DFS root does not offer FT & LB can be configured only on Stand alone server
63. WHAT IS A DFS REPLICA OR TARGET
A, It is a backup for doman dfs root on another server
64. HOW MANY DFS ROOTS CAN EXIST FOR A DC
A. 5000 to 50000
65. HOW MANY DFS LINKS CAN EXIST FOR A DC
A, 5000 to 50000
66. NO OF DFS REPLICAS CAN EXIST FOR A DC
A. 31
67. WHAT IS EFS & ITS FEATURES
A. Encryption is the process of converting data into a format that cannot be read by another user. Once a user has encrypted a file, the file automatically remains encrypted whenever the file is stored on disk.
Decryption is the process of converting data from encrypted format back to its original format. Once a user has decrypted a file, the file remains decrypted whenever the file is stored on disk.
68. WHAT IS A TRUST
A. Trust is the process of offering or accessing resources from one domain to another domain.
69. WHAT IS A TRANSITIVE TRUST
A. It is a two way trust
Ex. If A trusts B, B automatically trusts A
70. WHAT IS A IN/NON TRANSITIVE TRUST
A. It is one way trust
Ex. If A trusts B, B does not trust A
71. WHAT IS AN IMPLICIT TRUST
A. Trust between the parent domain and grand child domain
72. WHAT IS AN EXPLICIT TRUST
A. It is a manual trust established by administrator between two forest or domains
73. WHAT IS THE DEFAULT TRUST BETWEEN THE PARENT & A CHILD DOMAIN
A. Two way transitive trust
74. HOW TO IMPLEMENT A TRUST
A. ADDT
75. AUTHENTICATION PROTOCOLS OF W2K
A. Kerberos & NTLM
76. WHAT IS SPOOFING
A.
77. WHAT IS A KDC
A. Key Distribution Centre (DC) which issues keys to the clients
78. WHAT IS KERBEROS
A. It is an authentication protocol of Win 2000 & 2003
79. WHAT IS NTLM
A. It is an authentication protocol of Win NT
80. AUTHENTICATION PROCESS IN 2000 & 2003
A. 1.Clients sends a request to DC
B. DC creates a client session key & server session key.
C. The server session key packages client information and server session key and forms a session ticket.
D. Client session key and session ticket are sent to the client which consists of rights and permissions.
E. Then the server verifies the authenticator between the client & server
F. Allows the resource
81. FEATURES OF KERBEROS
A. Introduced in the year 1991 by MIT (MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY)
B. Windows 2000 was first to implement this protocol
C. Kerberos is a name of 3 headed dog (Cerderos)
D. It fallows a 3 headed approach while authenticating the users
E. It provides high level of security
F. It encrypts the user name & password when they are being sent over N/W
82. WHAT IS A TIMESTAMP
A. Time check during while user logs in
83. WHAT IS A TIME SERVICE
A.
84. WHAT IS TGT & TGS
85. WHAT IS A BASIC DISK & DYNAMIC DISK
A. Basic disk refers to partitions, dynamic refers to volumes
86. WHAT IS A SIMPLE, SPANNED , STRIPPED, MIRRORED AND RAID 5 VOLUME
A. Simple Volume : Space from single hard disk forms simple volume
B. Spanned Volume : Free space can span more than one hard disk and appears as a single volume
C. Stripped Volume: Space selection from each hard disk is identical in size
D. Mirrored Volume : Is an additional hard disk used for imaging primary hard disk to protect the data in the second disk when first disk fails.
87. WHAT IS RAID? RAID0, RAID 1, & RAID5
A. Redundancy array inexpensive disks : It is a standard used for protecting the data
B. RAID0 : Striping without parity offers no fault tolerance
C. RAID1 : Mirroring offers fault tolerance, doesn’t offer performance, requires down time.
D. RAID5 : Striping with parity offers highest fault tolerance, offers availability and performance i.e no down time.
88. DRIVES ARE REQUIRED FOR RAID 0,1,5
A. RAID0 : Minimum 2 disks and Maximum 32
B. RAID1 : Minimum & Maximum 2 disks
C. RAID5 : Minimum 3 and Maximum 32
89. WHICH OF THE RAIDS PROVIDE HIGHEST FT
A. RAID 5
90. HOW TO REGENARATE THE DATA LOST FROM RAID 1 & 5
A. By fixing new HDD selecting regenerate option by right clicking on the drive from disk management.
91. PRINT PROCESS IN 2K
A.
Document to be printed handed over to GDI
GDI invokes print drivers and drivers convert the doc format to either RAW or EMF and hands over to the spooler
Spooler gathers the document to the local HDD and hands over to print processor
Print processor presents the format to the printer which is understandable by the printer (RAW) and hands over to Print Monitor
Print Monitor determines the port to which print device is attached submits the data to print device
Prints the output
92. WHAT IS A PRINT POOL
A. Group of Printers
93. WHAT IS THE DIFF B/W RAW & EMF FORMAT
A. Raw format is the only format printer understands
B. EMF (Enhanced Meta Format) It is a compressed format used for faster printing over the N/W.
94. WHAT IS LOCAL PRINTER
A. The printer which is directly attached to the computer
95. WHAT IS A NETWORK PRINTER
A. A printer with its own NIC
95. HOW TO CONNECT TO A REMOTE PRINT DEVICE
A. My Network places, Browse the Printers, R/C Connect
96. WHAT ARE THE DEFAULT BUILT IN USER A/Cs
A. Administrator and Guest A/Cs
97. WHAT ARE THE DEFAULT BUILT IN GROUP A/CS
A. Account Operators, Server Operators, Backup Operators, Administrators, Print Operators, etc
98. WHAT IS A LOCAL GROUP
A. A group which can be created on client computer
99. WHAT IS A DOMAIN LOCAL GROUP
A. A group with pre-defined rights and permissions used for setting permissions
100. WHAT IS A GLOBAL GROUP
A. Is a collection of users used for organizing users
101. WHAT IS A GROUP SCOPE
A. Group scope identifies the extent of the group with in a domain or forest
102. WHAT IS A UNIVARSAL GROUP
A. Group made up of users from different domains
103. WHAT ARE TWO TYPES OF GROUPS
A. DISTRIBUTION, SECURITY
104. WHAT ARE THE USER ENVIRONMENT NEEDS
A. Desktop settings, Startup applications & Network connectivity
105. WHAT IS A PROFILE
A. Profile is combination of user environment, desktop environment
106. WHAT IS A POLICY
A. Policy is a feature of OS which determines which user has what type of access to the N/W resources
107. WHAT ARE THE DIFF POLICIES SUPPORTED IN 2K
A. ACCOUNT , AUDIT, SECURITY AND GROUP POLICY
108. WHAT ARE DIFF TYPES OF PROFILES
A. Local : Profile which is saved in the local HDD where the user works available only one computer
B. Roaming : Profile which is saved in the server and available in the entire Network
C. Mandatory : Available in the entire N/W but setting are not saved when a user logs off
109. HOW THE PROFILE IS APPLIED
A. When the user logs in is loaded with a local profile and N/W profile which ever is latest takes precedence
110. HOW THE GROUP POLICY IS APPLIED
A. First computer policy is applied then site, domain and OU level
111. DIFF SECURITY POLICES OF 2K
A. Local Security Policy : which is limited in only to the local machine
B. Domain security policy : Applies to all the domains & computers with in the domain
C. Domain controller security policy : Applies policies only to one domain controller
112. WHAT IS A RIGHT
A. It is a permission or type of access what a user can do and can’t do
113. WHAT IS A GROUP POLICY
A. It is a combination of permissions, security and rights which can be applied on sites, domains and OUs
114. WHAT IS A GROUP POLICY OBJECT
A. In object with a combination of permissions which can be linked with sites, domains and OUs
115. HOW TO LINK GPO WITH DC/SITE/OU
A. DC Properties - Group Policy - New - GPO Name
116. WHAT ARE THE FEATURES OF GROUP POLICY
A. Group policy offers security, software deployment, folder redirection, logon logoff scripts, internet explorer maintenance, back up and restore etc.
117. GP CAN BE IMPLIMENTABLE ON
A. Local computer, Sites, domains, DCs and OUs
118. WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF INHERITENCE OF GROUP POLICY
A. When you apply policy on site level, policy gets inherited by all the domains and OUs
119. WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BLOCKING GROUP POLICY INHERITANCE
A. When a child object need not be effected with the policy applied on the parent
120. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF LINKING AN EXISTING GP WITH ANOTHER CONTAINER
A. A single GPO can have multiple policies set and can be linked with sites domains and OUs. Need not create multiple GPOs.
120. WHAT IS THE ORDER IN WHICH GPOs ARE APPLIED
A. Always the first policy is applied then the second and so on
121. WHAT ARE THE SUBFOLDERS SEEN UNDER COMPUTER CONFIGURATION &
USER CONFIGURATION
A. Computer configuration, software setting, windows settings and administrative templates
B. User configuration, software setting, windows settings and administrative templates
122. HOW TO APPLY SECURITY POLICIES USING GP
A. Using LSP, DSP, DCSP under admin tools.
123. WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE OF DEPLOYING SOFTWARES USING GP
A. Automating, upgrading and repairing software installation online
124. WHAT ARE THE THREE PRIMARY GP SOFTWARE DEPLOYMENT METHODS
A. Published, assigned and advanced
125. LAN PROTOCOLS SUPPORTED BY 2K
A. NetBEUI, IPX/SPX, TCP/IP, NWLINK, APPLETALK, DECNET
WINDOWS RAS AND ARAP
126. WAN PROTOCOLS SUPPORTED BY 2K & 03
A. SLIP,PPP,
127. VPN PROTOCOLS SUPPORTED BY 2K & 03
A. L2F, PPTP AND L2TP
128. DIFF RAS AUTHENTICATION PROTOCOLS
A. PAP, CHAP, MSCHAP AND MSCHAP V2
129 WHAT IS AN ARP
A. Address Resolution protocol used for mapping IP to MAC
129. FEATURES OF TCP/IP
A. It is a most popular LAN and WAN protocol
B. Supported by many OS
C. It is a routable protocol
D. It is a robust protocol
E. Available in two Versions IP V.4 & IP V.6
130. WHAT IS A SUBNET MASK
A. Acts like a mask between N/W and Host ID or used for differentiating N/W with Host ID
131. WHAT IS SUBNETTING
A. Dividing the same N/W into Smaller subnets
132. WHAT IS A GATEWAY
A. Address of a Router
133. WHAT ARE THE DIFF TCP/IP CLASSES
A. A, B, C, D and E
134. WHAT ARE THE RESERVED IP ADDRESSES
A. 10.0.0.1 to 10.255.255.254
B. 172.16.0.1 to 172.31.255.254
C. 192.168.0.1 to 192.168.255.255
135. WHAT IS ‘IANA’
A. Internet assigned numbering authority is now called as Internet Corporation for assigning names and numbers (ICANN)
136. WHAT IS MULTICASTING
A. Use of class D IPs : Used for publishing the same message to group of people
137. WHAT IS A NETWORK ID
A. WHAT IS A BROADCAST ID
A. 0.0.0.0 and 255.255.255.255
138. WHAT IS A LOOP BACK ID
A. 127.0.0.1
139. DIFF TROUBLESHOOTING UTILITIES OF TCP/IP
A. Ping, IPconfig, Nbtstat, netstat, pathping, tracert etc
139. WHAT ARE THE CORE PROTOCOLS OF TCP/IP
A. TCP,UDP, ICMP and ARP
140. WHAT IS ROUTING
A. Process of providing communication between two different N/Ws
141. WHAT IS DIFF BETWEEN STATIC & DYNAMIC ROUTING
A. Static Routing : Doesn’t require any protocols and routing table remains static until admin changes.
B. Dynamic Routing : Uses dynamic routing protocols like RIP V2, OSPF, IGMP and IGRP. Routing table gets changed automatically or dynamically as and when there is a change in routing i.e addition or removal of routers modification of routing table.
142. WHAT ARE THE ROUTING PROTOCOLS
A. OSPF, RIPVER2, NAT, IGMP
143. HOW TO ENABLE ROUTING
A. Start-Programs-Admin Tools-RRAS-R/c Server - configure and enabled
144. WHAT IS NATTING
A. Enabling one way communication i.e private network can communicate with public but public can’t communicate with private.
145. WHAT IS DIFF BETWEEN PRIVATE & PUBLIC IPS
A. IPs which are not accessible by all are called private IPs
B. IPs which are accessible are called public IPs.
146. WHO WILL ISSUE PUBLIC IPS
A. ICANN or IANA
147. WHAT IS SNMP
A. Simple Network Management Protocol: used for troubleshooting & managing the N/W.
148. WHAT IS SMTP
A. Simple mail Transfer Protocol : Used for sending mails
149. WHAT IS POP/POP3 & IMAP4
A. Post office protocol : used for receiving mails
B. Internet Mail Access Protocol : used for receiving mails
150. DIFF H/W DEVICES SUPPORTED BY RAS
A. PSTN Modems, ISDN Modems, X.25 PADS, RS232 interface and DSL Modems
151. WHAT IS DNS
A. Domain Naming Service or System : used for resolving host names to IPs and IPs to Host names
152. WHAT IS ‘NBNS’
A. NetBios naming system Ex: WINS
153. 2K ACCESS RESOURCES USING DNS NAMING CONVENTIONS
154. WHAT IS A FORWARD LOOKUP
A. Resolving Host names to IP addresses
155. WHAT IS A REVERSE LOOKUP
A. Resolving IP addresses to Host names
156. WHAT IS A HOST RECORD
A. It’s a file contains host names to IP mapping information
157. WHAT IS A RESOURCE RECORD
A. It is a record provides the information about the resources available in the N/W
infrastructure
158. WHAT ARE THE DIFF DNS ROLES
A. STANDARD PRIMARY, STANDARD SECONDARY & AD INTEGRATED
159. WHAT IS A ZONE
A. Zone is a sub tree of DNS database
160. WHAT IS PRIMARY, SECONDARY, STUB & AD INTEGRATED ZONE
A. Primary : Zone which is saved as normal text file with filename.dns in DNS folder. Maintains a read write copy of zone database
B. Secondary : Maintains a read only copy of zone database on another dns server. Provides fault tolerance and load balancing by acting as backup server to primary server
C. Stub : Contains a copy of name server and SOA records used for reducing the dns search orders. Provides fault tolerance and load balancing
161. WHAT DOES A ZONE CONSIST OF & WHY DO WE REQUIRE A ZONE
A. Zone consists of resource records and we require zone for representing sites
162. WHAT IS CACHING ONLY SERVER
A. When we install 2000 & 03 server it is configured as caching only server where it maintains the frequently accessed sites information and again when we access the same site for next time it is obtain from cached information instead of going to the actual site.
163. WHAT IS FORWARDER
A. When one DNS server can’t resolve the query it can be forwarded to another DNS once configured as forwarder.
164. WHATIS SECONDARY DNS SERVER
A. It is backup for primary DNS where it maintains a read only copy of DNS database.
165. HOW TO ENABLE DYNAMIC UPDATES IN DNS
A. S-P-AT-DNS-Zone Properties
166. WHAT ARE THE PROPERTIES OF DNS SERVER
A. INTERFACES, FORWARDERS, ADVANCED, ROOTHINTS, SECURITY,MONITORING,
LOGGING,DEBUG LOGINIG.
167. PROPERTIES OF A ZONE
A. GENERAL, SOA, NAMESERVER, WINS, SECURITY AND ZONE TRANSFER
168. WHAT IS SCAVENGING
A. Finding and deleting unwanted records
169. WHAT ARE SRV RECORDS
A. SRV are the service records, there are 6 service records. They are useful for locating the services
170. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF SRV RECORDS
A. MSDCS : Contains DCs information
B. TCP : Contains Global Catalog, Kerberos and LDAP information
C. UDP : Contains Kerberos information
D. Sites : Contains Sites information
E. Domain DNS Zone : Contains domain’s DNS specific information
F. Forest DNS Zone : Contains Forest’s specific information
171. WHERE DOES A HOST FILE RESIDE
A. C:Windows\System32\drivers\etc
172. WHAT IS SOA
A. Start of Authority: Useful when a zone starts. Provides the zone startup information
173. WHAT IS A QUERY
A. A request made by the DNS client to provide the name server information
174. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF QURIES
A. RECURSION, ITERATION
175. TOOLS FOR TROUBLESHOOTING DNS
A. DNS CONSOLE,NSLOOKUP,DNSCMD,IPCONFIG,LOGS ,PM
176. WHAT IS DHCP
A. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol : Assigns IPs to the clients requested dynamically or automatically
177. PROCESS OF DHCP (DORA)
A. Discover : The client discovers DHCP
B. Offer : The DHCP server offers a group of IPs to the clients to pick any
C. Request : The client selects an IP and request DHCP to confirm it
D. Acknowledgement : The DHCP server makes a confirmation by sending an
DHCPACK to the client
178. WHAT IS A SCOPE
A. Range of IP addresses
179. WHAT IS AN IP LEASE
A. DHCP server offers an IP to the client for a period of 8 days. This offer is called IP lease
180. WHAT IS THE DEFAULT DURATION OF A LEASE
A. 8 days
181. WHAT IS AUTHORIZING DHCP SERVER
A. Enabling AD know the availability of DHCP server. Useful when we have multiple DHCP
Servers and you want to designate one particular DHCP server to be active. Then we should authorize.
182. WHAT IS IP RESERVATION
A. Reserving a particular dynamic IP for a particular system
183. WHAT IS EXCLUSION
A. Omitting assigning from the range selected IPs.
184. WHAT IS A SUPER SCOPE
A. Group of scopes is called as super scope.
185. PURPOSE OF DHCP RELAY AGENT
A. DHCP server is available on another N/W and you want another N/W to obtain IPs from the DHCP server. Then the DHCP Relay Agent has to be configured on the router so that the DHCP RA can forward the requests from the clients to the DHCP server to obtain IPs for the clients it act like a mediator between clients and dhcp.
186. HOW TO GIVEUP AN IP OBTAINED FROM DHCP
A. S-R-CMD- IPCONFIG /RELEASE
187. HOW TO OBTAIN A NEW IP FROM DHCP SERVER
A. S-R-CMD- IPCONFIG /RENEW
188. SWITCHES USED WITH IPCONFIG
A. IPCONFIG /ALL, RELEASE, RENEW, FLUSHDNS
189. IF THE CLIENT IS UNABLE TO CONTACT DHCP SERVER, WHAT HAPPENS
A. Obtains an IP from APIPA
190. WHAT IS APIPA
A. Automatic Private IP addressing, when a client machine unable to contact dhcp then apipa assigns an IP to the client. This enables the N/W availability.
191. WHAT ARE THE IP RANGES PROVIDED BY APIPA
A. 169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255
192. WHAT IS WINS
A. Window Internet Naming Service : Useful in windows N/W only. Resolves NetBios names to IP addresses and IPs to NetBios names.
193. WINS IS USED IN WHICH ENVIRONMENTS
A. When the N/W has OS like 95, WKS, NT, 98
194. WINS SUPPORTS NBNS CONVENTIONS
195. DIFF BETWEEN NBNS & DNS CONVENTIONS
A. Wins uses NBNS conventions and DNS uses DNS conventions
196. WHAT ARE THE PORT NUMBERS FOR:
FTP,TELNET,SMTP,DNS,HTTP,POP3,IMAP,SNMP,NNTP,LDAP,L2TP,PPTP,KERBEROS, DNS,HOSTNAME,RADIUS,LDAP, AND WINS
A. FTP-21,TELNET=23, SMTP-25,DNS-53,HTTP-80,POP3-110,IMAP-143,
SNMP-161,NNTP-119,LDAP-389,L2TP-1701,PPTP-1723,KERBEROS-88,DHCP67, HOSTNAME-42,RADIUS-1812,WINS-1512, router-520
197. WHAT IS IIS
A. It is a Web server from microsoft
198. WHAT ARE THE SERVICES OFFERED BY IIS
A. www,http,ftp,nntp,smtp,frontpage,asp.net services
199. WHICH VER OF IIS IS WITH 2K & 03
A. Win 2K-IIS 5.0 and Win03- IIS 6.0
200. WHAT IS A VIRTUAL DIRECTORY
A. Using virtual directory we can have child websites or links to parent websites
201. WHAT IS REGISTRY
A. Registry is a configuration database about system, hardware & software
202. ICMP AND ITS IMPORTANCE
A. Internet Control Message Protocol : Responsible for generating messages like requested time out, destination not reachable, TTL, and other echo messages.
203. WHAT ARE THE BOOTABLE FILES
A. NTLDR, NTdetect.com, Boot.Ini, NTOSKRNL.exe, Bootsect.dos,
204. WHAT IS A PAGE FILE
A. A page file is used as virtual memory.
205. HOW TO INCREASE THE SIZE OF PAGING FILE
A. System properties-Advanced-Performance settings-advanced-change
206. WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE OF SPLITTING A PAGE FILE AMONG DRIVES
A. Improves the I/O performance
207. WHAT IS A FILE REPLICATION
A. Replication is process of duplicating files of one server to another server.
208. WHAT IS A SYSVOL
209. It is a public folder gets replicated on to all DCs and contain information user information
like policies and profiles.
210. WHAT IS A DEFAULT TIME FOR REPLICATION TO TAKE PLACE B/W DC AND ADC
A. 5 seconds and 3 seconds for immediate change
10. WHAT IS AD
A. A active directory centralized database where it contains information about objects like, Users, Groups, Computers, Printers, OUs, Contacts and Shared Folders.
11. FEATURES OF AD
A. Fully integrated Security, Integration with DNS, Policy Based Administration, Scalable, Flexible, Extensible, Inter operability with other directory services.
12. WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF AD
A. Logical Structure : Domains, Trees, Forests & OUs
Physical Structure : Sites and Domain Controllers
13. WHAT IS STRUCTURE OF AD
A. LOGICAL and PHYSICAL
14. WHAT IS THE PROTOCOL USED BY AD FOR DIRECTORY ACCESS
A. LDAP Light Weight Directory Access Protocol
15. WHAT ARE THE NAMING CONVENTIONS USED BY LDAP
A. DN-(Distinguished Name)RDN-(Relative Distinguished Name)
UPN-(User Principal Name) GUID-(Golbal Unique Identifier)
16. WHAT IS A DOMAIN
A. Domain is collection of computers connected together with a server and users.
17. WHAT IS WORKGROUP
A. Collection of computers connected together without a server (only clients)
18. WHAT IS A TREE
A. Tree is a logical component of AD. Is a collection of domains which share contiguous name space.
19. WHAT IS A FOREST
A. Collection of Trees which don’t share contiguous name space.
20. WHAT IS A SITE
A. Site is a Physical component of AD. Group of TCP/IP subnets connected with a high speed wan link.
21. WHAT IS DC
A. Server with AD installed
22. WHAT IS A CHILD DC
A. Is a sub domain controller under root domain controller which share name space.
23. WHAT IS AN ADDITIONAL DC
A. It is a backup server for DC
24. HOW TO PROMOTE DC ON A MEMBER SERVER
A. Start - run - DCPromo
25. WHAT IS A ROLE OF ADDITIONAL DC
A. It maintains backup of AD to provide fault tolerance and network load balancing.
26. A DC CAN HAVE HOW MANY ADDITIONAL DCS
A. Any no. of ADCs
27. WHAT ARE THE ADDITIONAL TOOLS FOUND AFTER INSTALLING A DC
A. ADUC, ADSS, ADDT, DCSP, DSP
28. WHAT ARE DIFF FUNCTIONAL LEVELS OF 2003
A. Domain functional level and Forest functional levels
29. WHAT IS A MEMBER SERVER
A. 2000 of 2003 server which is a part of the domain
30. WHAT IS A STANDALONE SERVER
A. Server which is not a part of domain
31. WHAT IS AN OBJECT
A. It is a representation of in entity
32. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT OBJECTS IN AD
A. Users, Groups, Computers, Printers, OUs, Contacts and Shared Folders
33. WHAT IS A SCHEMA
A. Set of rules. Schema is design of AD, defines objects and classes
34. WHAT IS AN ATTRIBUTE
A. Attribute is a piece of information about objects (Properties of objects)
35. WHAT IS A CLASS
A. Class is a Collection of AD objects
36. WHAT IS AN FSMO
A. Flexible single master operations
37. WHAT ARE THE DIFF OPERATIONS MASTER OF 2003
38. SCHEMA MASTER, DOMAIN NAMING MASTER, PDC EMULATOR, INFRASTRUCTURE MASTER, RID MASTER
39. WHAT IS A SCHEMA MASTER
A. Is responsible for over all management, structure and design of schema
Only one schema master in entire forest
40. WHAT IS A DOMAIN NAMING MASTER,
A. Is responsible for addition or removal of domains and maintaining unique domain names.
Only one DN master in entire forest
41. WHAT IS A PDC EMULATOR
A. Is responsible for providing backward compatibility for NT BDCs in mixed mode. It acts like a PDC for BDCs. It updates the password changes, Synchronizes time between DCs
Only one PDC EMULATOR per domain.
42. WHAT IS A INFRASTRUCTURE MASTER
A. Is responsible for updating user and group information and updating Global Catalog,
Only one INFRASTRUCTURE MASTER per domain
43. WHAT IS A RID MASTER
A. Relative Identifier is responsible for assigning unique IDs to the objects created in the AD
Only one RID MASTER per domain
44. WHAT IS FILE SYSTEM
A. File system provides the services like saving, deleting & copying of files & folders in a systematic manner on the hard disk
45. WHAT ARE DIFF FS SUPPORTED BY 2000 & 2003
A. FAT, FAT32, NTFS, CDFS & UDFS
46. FEATURES OF NTFS IN 2000 & 2003
A. Provides file & folder level security, compression, encryption, reduced fragmentation, hot fixing, maximum partition size : 2 TB, file size : up to 64 GB, Disk quotas, mounting.
46. NEWLY ADDED NTFS FEATURES IN 2003
A. Volume Shadow copy services, maximum partition size: 16 TB
file size can be up to 16 TB, Recovery logging of disk activities
47. WHAT IS THE NTFS VERSION FOR 2000 & 2003
A. Ver 5.0 & 5.1 for 2000 and Ver 5.2 for win 2003
48. WHAT ARE THE FILE & FOLDER PERMISSIONS IN 2K
A. File Permissions: Fullcontrol, Modify, Read & Execute, Read, Write, Special Permissions
Folder Permissions: Fullcontrol, Modify, Read & Execute, List Folder Contents, Read, Write, Special Permissions
49. WHAT IS THE SIGNIGICANCE OF MODIFY & FULL CONTROL PERMISSIONS
A. FC = RWXDO, Modify = RWXD
50. WHAT ARE THE ADVANCED PERMISSIONS AVAILABLE IN 2K
A. Combination of permissions.
51. WHAT ARE THE FILE ATTRIBUTES
A. Read, Write, Hidden & Archive.
52. WHAT ARE THE SHARE LEVEL PERMISSIONS
A. Full Control, Change, Read
53. HOW TO SHARE A RESOURCE (F/F, DRIVE, PRINTER, ETC...)
A. Right Click - Properties - Share
54. SHARE/FILE NAMES CAN BE UPTO
A. Share name can be up to 80 Characters, File Names can be up to 255 characters.
55. HOW TO MAP A SHARED RESOURCE
A. Right click on the share and click map network drive
56. HOW TO CONNECT TO A SHARED RESOURCE USING COMMAND PROMPT
A. Start - Run - CMD - Net use Z: (\\systemname\sharename)
57. WHAT IS NET USE, NET SHARE, NET VIEW, NET USER ETC
A. Net use for mapping drives, net share for creating shares, net view for users logged in and net user for creating or modifying users
58. HOW TO SHARE A RESOURCE REMOTELY
A. From Computer Management - connect to the computer - shared folders - new
59. HOW TO ACCESS A REMOTE SHARE
A. Start - Run - (\\SN\SN) or My network places
60. WHAT IS A QUOTA & ITS FEATURES
A. New feature in 2000 & 2003. Quotas enable in Administrator to limit the access to the free space on local or server’s hard disks
61. WHAT IS A DFS,
A. Distributed file system enable in Administrator to gather all the scattered shares on the network and maintain in a single server and make them appear as if they are on the same side server
62. BENEFITS OF DFS
A. Easy file access, fault tolerance, load balancing and security
63. DFS TERMINOLOGY
A. DOMAIN DFS ROOT, STANDALONE DFS ROOT & DFS LINK
64. DIFF B/W DOMAIN DFS ROOT AND STAND ALONE DFS ROOT
A. Domain DFS root offers fault tolerance and load balancing, can be configured only on DC.
Stand Alone DFS root does not offer FT & LB can be configured only on Stand alone server
63. WHAT IS A DFS REPLICA OR TARGET
A, It is a backup for doman dfs root on another server
64. HOW MANY DFS ROOTS CAN EXIST FOR A DC
A. 5000 to 50000
65. HOW MANY DFS LINKS CAN EXIST FOR A DC
A, 5000 to 50000
66. NO OF DFS REPLICAS CAN EXIST FOR A DC
A. 31
67. WHAT IS EFS & ITS FEATURES
A. Encryption is the process of converting data into a format that cannot be read by another user. Once a user has encrypted a file, the file automatically remains encrypted whenever the file is stored on disk.
Decryption is the process of converting data from encrypted format back to its original format. Once a user has decrypted a file, the file remains decrypted whenever the file is stored on disk.
68. WHAT IS A TRUST
A. Trust is the process of offering or accessing resources from one domain to another domain.
69. WHAT IS A TRANSITIVE TRUST
A. It is a two way trust
Ex. If A trusts B, B automatically trusts A
70. WHAT IS A IN/NON TRANSITIVE TRUST
A. It is one way trust
Ex. If A trusts B, B does not trust A
71. WHAT IS AN IMPLICIT TRUST
A. Trust between the parent domain and grand child domain
72. WHAT IS AN EXPLICIT TRUST
A. It is a manual trust established by administrator between two forest or domains
73. WHAT IS THE DEFAULT TRUST BETWEEN THE PARENT & A CHILD DOMAIN
A. Two way transitive trust
74. HOW TO IMPLEMENT A TRUST
A. ADDT
75. AUTHENTICATION PROTOCOLS OF W2K
A. Kerberos & NTLM
76. WHAT IS SPOOFING
A.
77. WHAT IS A KDC
A. Key Distribution Centre (DC) which issues keys to the clients
78. WHAT IS KERBEROS
A. It is an authentication protocol of Win 2000 & 2003
79. WHAT IS NTLM
A. It is an authentication protocol of Win NT
80. AUTHENTICATION PROCESS IN 2000 & 2003
A. 1.Clients sends a request to DC
B. DC creates a client session key & server session key.
C. The server session key packages client information and server session key and forms a session ticket.
D. Client session key and session ticket are sent to the client which consists of rights and permissions.
E. Then the server verifies the authenticator between the client & server
F. Allows the resource
81. FEATURES OF KERBEROS
A. Introduced in the year 1991 by MIT (MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY)
B. Windows 2000 was first to implement this protocol
C. Kerberos is a name of 3 headed dog (Cerderos)
D. It fallows a 3 headed approach while authenticating the users
E. It provides high level of security
F. It encrypts the user name & password when they are being sent over N/W
82. WHAT IS A TIMESTAMP
A. Time check during while user logs in
83. WHAT IS A TIME SERVICE
A.
84. WHAT IS TGT & TGS
85. WHAT IS A BASIC DISK & DYNAMIC DISK
A. Basic disk refers to partitions, dynamic refers to volumes
86. WHAT IS A SIMPLE, SPANNED , STRIPPED, MIRRORED AND RAID 5 VOLUME
A. Simple Volume : Space from single hard disk forms simple volume
B. Spanned Volume : Free space can span more than one hard disk and appears as a single volume
C. Stripped Volume: Space selection from each hard disk is identical in size
D. Mirrored Volume : Is an additional hard disk used for imaging primary hard disk to protect the data in the second disk when first disk fails.
87. WHAT IS RAID? RAID0, RAID 1, & RAID5
A. Redundancy array inexpensive disks : It is a standard used for protecting the data
B. RAID0 : Striping without parity offers no fault tolerance
C. RAID1 : Mirroring offers fault tolerance, doesn’t offer performance, requires down time.
D. RAID5 : Striping with parity offers highest fault tolerance, offers availability and performance i.e no down time.
88. DRIVES ARE REQUIRED FOR RAID 0,1,5
A. RAID0 : Minimum 2 disks and Maximum 32
B. RAID1 : Minimum & Maximum 2 disks
C. RAID5 : Minimum 3 and Maximum 32
89. WHICH OF THE RAIDS PROVIDE HIGHEST FT
A. RAID 5
90. HOW TO REGENARATE THE DATA LOST FROM RAID 1 & 5
A. By fixing new HDD selecting regenerate option by right clicking on the drive from disk management.
91. PRINT PROCESS IN 2K
A.
Document to be printed handed over to GDI
GDI invokes print drivers and drivers convert the doc format to either RAW or EMF and hands over to the spooler
Spooler gathers the document to the local HDD and hands over to print processor
Print processor presents the format to the printer which is understandable by the printer (RAW) and hands over to Print Monitor
Print Monitor determines the port to which print device is attached submits the data to print device
Prints the output
92. WHAT IS A PRINT POOL
A. Group of Printers
93. WHAT IS THE DIFF B/W RAW & EMF FORMAT
A. Raw format is the only format printer understands
B. EMF (Enhanced Meta Format) It is a compressed format used for faster printing over the N/W.
94. WHAT IS LOCAL PRINTER
A. The printer which is directly attached to the computer
95. WHAT IS A NETWORK PRINTER
A. A printer with its own NIC
95. HOW TO CONNECT TO A REMOTE PRINT DEVICE
A. My Network places, Browse the Printers, R/C Connect
96. WHAT ARE THE DEFAULT BUILT IN USER A/Cs
A. Administrator and Guest A/Cs
97. WHAT ARE THE DEFAULT BUILT IN GROUP A/CS
A. Account Operators, Server Operators, Backup Operators, Administrators, Print Operators, etc
98. WHAT IS A LOCAL GROUP
A. A group which can be created on client computer
99. WHAT IS A DOMAIN LOCAL GROUP
A. A group with pre-defined rights and permissions used for setting permissions
100. WHAT IS A GLOBAL GROUP
A. Is a collection of users used for organizing users
101. WHAT IS A GROUP SCOPE
A. Group scope identifies the extent of the group with in a domain or forest
102. WHAT IS A UNIVARSAL GROUP
A. Group made up of users from different domains
103. WHAT ARE TWO TYPES OF GROUPS
A. DISTRIBUTION, SECURITY
104. WHAT ARE THE USER ENVIRONMENT NEEDS
A. Desktop settings, Startup applications & Network connectivity
105. WHAT IS A PROFILE
A. Profile is combination of user environment, desktop environment
106. WHAT IS A POLICY
A. Policy is a feature of OS which determines which user has what type of access to the N/W resources
107. WHAT ARE THE DIFF POLICIES SUPPORTED IN 2K
A. ACCOUNT , AUDIT, SECURITY AND GROUP POLICY
108. WHAT ARE DIFF TYPES OF PROFILES
A. Local : Profile which is saved in the local HDD where the user works available only one computer
B. Roaming : Profile which is saved in the server and available in the entire Network
C. Mandatory : Available in the entire N/W but setting are not saved when a user logs off
109. HOW THE PROFILE IS APPLIED
A. When the user logs in is loaded with a local profile and N/W profile which ever is latest takes precedence
110. HOW THE GROUP POLICY IS APPLIED
A. First computer policy is applied then site, domain and OU level
111. DIFF SECURITY POLICES OF 2K
A. Local Security Policy : which is limited in only to the local machine
B. Domain security policy : Applies to all the domains & computers with in the domain
C. Domain controller security policy : Applies policies only to one domain controller
112. WHAT IS A RIGHT
A. It is a permission or type of access what a user can do and can’t do
113. WHAT IS A GROUP POLICY
A. It is a combination of permissions, security and rights which can be applied on sites, domains and OUs
114. WHAT IS A GROUP POLICY OBJECT
A. In object with a combination of permissions which can be linked with sites, domains and OUs
115. HOW TO LINK GPO WITH DC/SITE/OU
A. DC Properties - Group Policy - New - GPO Name
116. WHAT ARE THE FEATURES OF GROUP POLICY
A. Group policy offers security, software deployment, folder redirection, logon logoff scripts, internet explorer maintenance, back up and restore etc.
117. GP CAN BE IMPLIMENTABLE ON
A. Local computer, Sites, domains, DCs and OUs
118. WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF INHERITENCE OF GROUP POLICY
A. When you apply policy on site level, policy gets inherited by all the domains and OUs
119. WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BLOCKING GROUP POLICY INHERITANCE
A. When a child object need not be effected with the policy applied on the parent
120. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF LINKING AN EXISTING GP WITH ANOTHER CONTAINER
A. A single GPO can have multiple policies set and can be linked with sites domains and OUs. Need not create multiple GPOs.
120. WHAT IS THE ORDER IN WHICH GPOs ARE APPLIED
A. Always the first policy is applied then the second and so on
121. WHAT ARE THE SUBFOLDERS SEEN UNDER COMPUTER CONFIGURATION &
USER CONFIGURATION
A. Computer configuration, software setting, windows settings and administrative templates
B. User configuration, software setting, windows settings and administrative templates
122. HOW TO APPLY SECURITY POLICIES USING GP
A. Using LSP, DSP, DCSP under admin tools.
123. WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE OF DEPLOYING SOFTWARES USING GP
A. Automating, upgrading and repairing software installation online
124. WHAT ARE THE THREE PRIMARY GP SOFTWARE DEPLOYMENT METHODS
A. Published, assigned and advanced
125. LAN PROTOCOLS SUPPORTED BY 2K
A. NetBEUI, IPX/SPX, TCP/IP, NWLINK, APPLETALK, DECNET
WINDOWS RAS AND ARAP
126. WAN PROTOCOLS SUPPORTED BY 2K & 03
A. SLIP,PPP,
127. VPN PROTOCOLS SUPPORTED BY 2K & 03
A. L2F, PPTP AND L2TP
128. DIFF RAS AUTHENTICATION PROTOCOLS
A. PAP, CHAP, MSCHAP AND MSCHAP V2
129 WHAT IS AN ARP
A. Address Resolution protocol used for mapping IP to MAC
129. FEATURES OF TCP/IP
A. It is a most popular LAN and WAN protocol
B. Supported by many OS
C. It is a routable protocol
D. It is a robust protocol
E. Available in two Versions IP V.4 & IP V.6
130. WHAT IS A SUBNET MASK
A. Acts like a mask between N/W and Host ID or used for differentiating N/W with Host ID
131. WHAT IS SUBNETTING
A. Dividing the same N/W into Smaller subnets
132. WHAT IS A GATEWAY
A. Address of a Router
133. WHAT ARE THE DIFF TCP/IP CLASSES
A. A, B, C, D and E
134. WHAT ARE THE RESERVED IP ADDRESSES
A. 10.0.0.1 to 10.255.255.254
B. 172.16.0.1 to 172.31.255.254
C. 192.168.0.1 to 192.168.255.255
135. WHAT IS ‘IANA’
A. Internet assigned numbering authority is now called as Internet Corporation for assigning names and numbers (ICANN)
136. WHAT IS MULTICASTING
A. Use of class D IPs : Used for publishing the same message to group of people
137. WHAT IS A NETWORK ID
A. WHAT IS A BROADCAST ID
A. 0.0.0.0 and 255.255.255.255
138. WHAT IS A LOOP BACK ID
A. 127.0.0.1
139. DIFF TROUBLESHOOTING UTILITIES OF TCP/IP
A. Ping, IPconfig, Nbtstat, netstat, pathping, tracert etc
139. WHAT ARE THE CORE PROTOCOLS OF TCP/IP
A. TCP,UDP, ICMP and ARP
140. WHAT IS ROUTING
A. Process of providing communication between two different N/Ws
141. WHAT IS DIFF BETWEEN STATIC & DYNAMIC ROUTING
A. Static Routing : Doesn’t require any protocols and routing table remains static until admin changes.
B. Dynamic Routing : Uses dynamic routing protocols like RIP V2, OSPF, IGMP and IGRP. Routing table gets changed automatically or dynamically as and when there is a change in routing i.e addition or removal of routers modification of routing table.
142. WHAT ARE THE ROUTING PROTOCOLS
A. OSPF, RIPVER2, NAT, IGMP
143. HOW TO ENABLE ROUTING
A. Start-Programs-Admin Tools-RRAS-R/c Server - configure and enabled
144. WHAT IS NATTING
A. Enabling one way communication i.e private network can communicate with public but public can’t communicate with private.
145. WHAT IS DIFF BETWEEN PRIVATE & PUBLIC IPS
A. IPs which are not accessible by all are called private IPs
B. IPs which are accessible are called public IPs.
146. WHO WILL ISSUE PUBLIC IPS
A. ICANN or IANA
147. WHAT IS SNMP
A. Simple Network Management Protocol: used for troubleshooting & managing the N/W.
148. WHAT IS SMTP
A. Simple mail Transfer Protocol : Used for sending mails
149. WHAT IS POP/POP3 & IMAP4
A. Post office protocol : used for receiving mails
B. Internet Mail Access Protocol : used for receiving mails
150. DIFF H/W DEVICES SUPPORTED BY RAS
A. PSTN Modems, ISDN Modems, X.25 PADS, RS232 interface and DSL Modems
151. WHAT IS DNS
A. Domain Naming Service or System : used for resolving host names to IPs and IPs to Host names
152. WHAT IS ‘NBNS’
A. NetBios naming system Ex: WINS
153. 2K ACCESS RESOURCES USING DNS NAMING CONVENTIONS
154. WHAT IS A FORWARD LOOKUP
A. Resolving Host names to IP addresses
155. WHAT IS A REVERSE LOOKUP
A. Resolving IP addresses to Host names
156. WHAT IS A HOST RECORD
A. It’s a file contains host names to IP mapping information
157. WHAT IS A RESOURCE RECORD
A. It is a record provides the information about the resources available in the N/W
infrastructure
158. WHAT ARE THE DIFF DNS ROLES
A. STANDARD PRIMARY, STANDARD SECONDARY & AD INTEGRATED
159. WHAT IS A ZONE
A. Zone is a sub tree of DNS database
160. WHAT IS PRIMARY, SECONDARY, STUB & AD INTEGRATED ZONE
A. Primary : Zone which is saved as normal text file with filename.dns in DNS folder. Maintains a read write copy of zone database
B. Secondary : Maintains a read only copy of zone database on another dns server. Provides fault tolerance and load balancing by acting as backup server to primary server
C. Stub : Contains a copy of name server and SOA records used for reducing the dns search orders. Provides fault tolerance and load balancing
161. WHAT DOES A ZONE CONSIST OF & WHY DO WE REQUIRE A ZONE
A. Zone consists of resource records and we require zone for representing sites
162. WHAT IS CACHING ONLY SERVER
A. When we install 2000 & 03 server it is configured as caching only server where it maintains the frequently accessed sites information and again when we access the same site for next time it is obtain from cached information instead of going to the actual site.
163. WHAT IS FORWARDER
A. When one DNS server can’t resolve the query it can be forwarded to another DNS once configured as forwarder.
164. WHATIS SECONDARY DNS SERVER
A. It is backup for primary DNS where it maintains a read only copy of DNS database.
165. HOW TO ENABLE DYNAMIC UPDATES IN DNS
A. S-P-AT-DNS-Zone Properties
166. WHAT ARE THE PROPERTIES OF DNS SERVER
A. INTERFACES, FORWARDERS, ADVANCED, ROOTHINTS, SECURITY,MONITORING,
LOGGING,DEBUG LOGINIG.
167. PROPERTIES OF A ZONE
A. GENERAL, SOA, NAMESERVER, WINS, SECURITY AND ZONE TRANSFER
168. WHAT IS SCAVENGING
A. Finding and deleting unwanted records
169. WHAT ARE SRV RECORDS
A. SRV are the service records, there are 6 service records. They are useful for locating the services
170. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF SRV RECORDS
A. MSDCS : Contains DCs information
B. TCP : Contains Global Catalog, Kerberos and LDAP information
C. UDP : Contains Kerberos information
D. Sites : Contains Sites information
E. Domain DNS Zone : Contains domain’s DNS specific information
F. Forest DNS Zone : Contains Forest’s specific information
171. WHERE DOES A HOST FILE RESIDE
A. C:Windows\System32\drivers\etc
172. WHAT IS SOA
A. Start of Authority: Useful when a zone starts. Provides the zone startup information
173. WHAT IS A QUERY
A. A request made by the DNS client to provide the name server information
174. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF QURIES
A. RECURSION, ITERATION
175. TOOLS FOR TROUBLESHOOTING DNS
A. DNS CONSOLE,NSLOOKUP,DNSCMD,IPCONFIG,LOGS ,PM
176. WHAT IS DHCP
A. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol : Assigns IPs to the clients requested dynamically or automatically
177. PROCESS OF DHCP (DORA)
A. Discover : The client discovers DHCP
B. Offer : The DHCP server offers a group of IPs to the clients to pick any
C. Request : The client selects an IP and request DHCP to confirm it
D. Acknowledgement : The DHCP server makes a confirmation by sending an
DHCPACK to the client
178. WHAT IS A SCOPE
A. Range of IP addresses
179. WHAT IS AN IP LEASE
A. DHCP server offers an IP to the client for a period of 8 days. This offer is called IP lease
180. WHAT IS THE DEFAULT DURATION OF A LEASE
A. 8 days
181. WHAT IS AUTHORIZING DHCP SERVER
A. Enabling AD know the availability of DHCP server. Useful when we have multiple DHCP
Servers and you want to designate one particular DHCP server to be active. Then we should authorize.
182. WHAT IS IP RESERVATION
A. Reserving a particular dynamic IP for a particular system
183. WHAT IS EXCLUSION
A. Omitting assigning from the range selected IPs.
184. WHAT IS A SUPER SCOPE
A. Group of scopes is called as super scope.
185. PURPOSE OF DHCP RELAY AGENT
A. DHCP server is available on another N/W and you want another N/W to obtain IPs from the DHCP server. Then the DHCP Relay Agent has to be configured on the router so that the DHCP RA can forward the requests from the clients to the DHCP server to obtain IPs for the clients it act like a mediator between clients and dhcp.
186. HOW TO GIVEUP AN IP OBTAINED FROM DHCP
A. S-R-CMD- IPCONFIG /RELEASE
187. HOW TO OBTAIN A NEW IP FROM DHCP SERVER
A. S-R-CMD- IPCONFIG /RENEW
188. SWITCHES USED WITH IPCONFIG
A. IPCONFIG /ALL, RELEASE, RENEW, FLUSHDNS
189. IF THE CLIENT IS UNABLE TO CONTACT DHCP SERVER, WHAT HAPPENS
A. Obtains an IP from APIPA
190. WHAT IS APIPA
A. Automatic Private IP addressing, when a client machine unable to contact dhcp then apipa assigns an IP to the client. This enables the N/W availability.
191. WHAT ARE THE IP RANGES PROVIDED BY APIPA
A. 169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255
192. WHAT IS WINS
A. Window Internet Naming Service : Useful in windows N/W only. Resolves NetBios names to IP addresses and IPs to NetBios names.
193. WINS IS USED IN WHICH ENVIRONMENTS
A. When the N/W has OS like 95, WKS, NT, 98
194. WINS SUPPORTS NBNS CONVENTIONS
195. DIFF BETWEEN NBNS & DNS CONVENTIONS
A. Wins uses NBNS conventions and DNS uses DNS conventions
196. WHAT ARE THE PORT NUMBERS FOR:
FTP,TELNET,SMTP,DNS,HTTP,POP3,IMAP,SNMP,NNTP,LDAP,L2TP,PPTP,KERBEROS, DNS,HOSTNAME,RADIUS,LDAP, AND WINS
A. FTP-21,TELNET=23, SMTP-25,DNS-53,HTTP-80,POP3-110,IMAP-143,
SNMP-161,NNTP-119,LDAP-389,L2TP-1701,PPTP-1723,KERBEROS-88,DHCP67, HOSTNAME-42,RADIUS-1812,WINS-1512, router-520
197. WHAT IS IIS
A. It is a Web server from microsoft
198. WHAT ARE THE SERVICES OFFERED BY IIS
A. www,http,ftp,nntp,smtp,frontpage,asp.net services
199. WHICH VER OF IIS IS WITH 2K & 03
A. Win 2K-IIS 5.0 and Win03- IIS 6.0
200. WHAT IS A VIRTUAL DIRECTORY
A. Using virtual directory we can have child websites or links to parent websites
201. WHAT IS REGISTRY
A. Registry is a configuration database about system, hardware & software
202. ICMP AND ITS IMPORTANCE
A. Internet Control Message Protocol : Responsible for generating messages like requested time out, destination not reachable, TTL, and other echo messages.
203. WHAT ARE THE BOOTABLE FILES
A. NTLDR, NTdetect.com, Boot.Ini, NTOSKRNL.exe, Bootsect.dos,
204. WHAT IS A PAGE FILE
A. A page file is used as virtual memory.
205. HOW TO INCREASE THE SIZE OF PAGING FILE
A. System properties-Advanced-Performance settings-advanced-change
206. WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE OF SPLITTING A PAGE FILE AMONG DRIVES
A. Improves the I/O performance
207. WHAT IS A FILE REPLICATION
A. Replication is process of duplicating files of one server to another server.
208. WHAT IS A SYSVOL
209. It is a public folder gets replicated on to all DCs and contain information user information
like policies and profiles.
210. WHAT IS A DEFAULT TIME FOR REPLICATION TO TAKE PLACE B/W DC AND ADC
A. 5 seconds and 3 seconds for immediate change
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