MCSE {(MICROSOFT CERTIFIED SYSTEMS ENGINEER)}
Networking devices:
Hubs, Switches, Routers and NICs.
HUB: Hub is a centralized device provides communication among systems when we have more than 2 computers we need to have a device called hub to interconnect.
Disadvantage of a Hub:
When we want to transfer some data from one system to another system.
If our network has 24 systems the data packet instead of being sent only to the destined system it is being send to all the network participants. (i.e. 24 systems.)
Hubs follow broadcasting
SWITCH: It is an advanced version over a Hub.
The main benefit of switch is Unicast. Data packets are transmitted only to the target computer instead of all.
Switch maintains a table called MIT (Mac Information Table.) which is generated as soon as we turn on the switch, which acts like an index table and easy the process of finding the networked system. MIT contains the port no, IP address and MAC address.
MAC: (Media Access Control): It is an address burnt in the NIC by the manufacturer.
MAC address is of 48 bits in the farm of Hexa decimal.
Every NIC has its own unique MAC address.
MAC address determines the physical location of a system.
ROUTER: Router is a device connects two different networks.
Class A network with Class C network etc.
Routing is a process of communication between two different networks.
Network Topologies:
The way of cabling is called topology.
The architecture of a network is called topology
E.g.: Bus, Star, Ring, and Mesh Topologies.
Bus Topology:
Components of Bus Topology:
Co-axial cable (back bone cable)
T- connectors
BNC (British Network Connector)
Terminator
Patch cable
Disadvantages of Bus:
If anything goes wrong with backbone cable whole network is down.
Follows a serial communication.
Outdated these days.
Star Topology:
Star topology is an advanced version over bus topology. Where it uses either a hub or a switch, it uses cat5/6 cables.
It uses connecters called (Recommend Jack) - RJ45
Star topology offers faster data transfer or processing.
Ring Topology:
Ring topology is useful when we want redundancy (fault tolerance) we go with this type of topology.
Ring topology uses a device called MSAU. (Multi Station Access Unit)
It is a unit inside which a logical ring is formed. This ring ensures the availability of Network. The availability of ring ensures availability of network.
It was basically implemented in IBM networks.
Logical Topologies: are two types
Work group.
Domain
Workgroup (peer to peer):
· Collection of computers connected together to share the resources.
· No servers are used.
· Only Client OS is mostly used.
· Any O/S like, DOS, 95, 98, workstation, win 2000 pro, and XP pro can be configured as work-group model.
· Suitable for smaller organizations.
· Where security is not the criteria.
· No administrator is required
· Where we are not using client server based applications. Like oracle, SQL and exchange etc.
Domain (Client/Server)
Domain is a collection of computers connected together with a server and users
Domain model can have servers like UNIX, Novell NetWare, WIN-NT server, 2000 server, and 2003 server.
Provides centralized administration.
Suitable for medium to large size networks/organizations.
Suitable when we have client server architecture (Back ends & front ends)
Domain offers security and provides logon authentication.
Suitable if security is criteria
Requires an administrator.
The history of MS Network O/S:
1. Desktop O.S.: DOS, 95, WKS, 98, 2k Prof., XP-Prof.
2. Network O.S.: UNIX, Win NT server 4.0, Win 2000 server, Win 2003 server.
Win NT 3.1 – was introduced in 1993
Win NT 3.5 – was introduced in 1994
Win NT 4.0 – was introduced in 1996
Win NT5.0 was renamed as windows 2000 server.
.NET server was renamed as windows 2003 server
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
Windows 2003 Standard Edition:
. RAM: Min:128 MB
. Rec: 256 MB
. Max. RAM 4 GB
. Processor: Pentium 550 MHz
. HDD free space 1.5GB
. SMP: 4 processors
Windows 2003 Enterprise Editions:
. RAM: Min:128 MB
. Rec: 256 MB
. Max. RAM 16 GB
. Processor: Pentium 733MHz
. HDD free space 1.5GB
. SMP:16 processors
Windows 2003 Web Edition:
. RAM: Min:128 MB
. Rec: 256 MB
. Max. RAM 2 GB
. Processor: Pentium 550 MHz
. HDD free space 1.5GB
. SMP: 2 processors
Windows 2003 Data Center Edition:
. RAM: Min: 1GB
. Rec: 2GB
. Max. RAM 64 GB
. Processor: Pentium 733MHz
. HDD free space 1.5GB
. SMP: 64 processors
